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solid module

Description

FEBio’s solid module provide a nonlinear finite element framework tailored to biological and soft tissue mechanics. The formulation supports large deformations, geometric and material nonlinearities, and complex constitutive behavior.

Core capabilities include:

  • Finite-strain kinematics with updated Lagrangian formulation.
  • A wide range of hyperelastic material models (e.g., Neo-Hookean, Mooney–Rivlin, Ogden, Holzapfel-type fiber-reinforced models).
  • Anisotropic, transversely isotropic, and orthotropic materials.
  • Viscoelasticity, including quasi-linear and fully nonlinear formulations.
  • Plasticity and damage models for permanent deformation and material degradation.
  • Active contraction models for muscle and other contractile tissues.
  • Contact algorithms (sliding, tied, frictional) for large-deformation contact.
  • Rigid body mechanics and constraints for multi-body systems.

These capabilities allow FEBio to simulate complex soft tissue mechanics, implant–tissue interactions, musculoskeletal systems, and other nonlinear biomechanical problems.